How to use this template
What’s it for?
Heatmaps are great for revealing patterns in a variable across one dimension (like the famous Climate Stripes visualization or two (a more traditional “grid” heatmap).
2D heatmaps are often used for comparing distributions across multiple categories, places or time periods, but they can also be used for visualizing correlations across two numeric axes – like a scatter plot but with the data points grouped into ”bins”.
How to get started
Upload a CSV or Excel file with one column to shade by (this would typically be a numeric column) plus one or two columns of categories or numbers for the axes. Dates are treated as categories so if you have time in your data sheet be sure that each row represents the same time interval!
Data for a simple 1D heatmap might be something like this:
Year | Temperature difference |
1880 | -0.19 |
1881 | -0.1 |
1882 | -0.11 |
1883 | -0.19 |
A 2D heatmap adds an extra dimension. For example:
Year | Mean temperature | Region |
1884 | 9.87 | Southeast and Central England |
1885 | 8.8 | Southeast and Central England |
1886 | 9.72 | South England |
1887 | 8.61 | South England |
Not sure how to upload your data to Flourish? See our handy guide
Instructions
Once you've uploaded your data and selected your columns, be sure to select whether each dimension is categorical or numerical in the "Heatmap" settings panel.
Credits
Example data shows annual mean temperature data for UK regions, from the Met Office National Climate Information Centre.
API information
This section documents API usage specific to this template, so for an introduction we suggest you refer to the generic API documentation instead.
template: @flourish/heatmap
version: 1
Template data
There are three different formats in which you can supply data to this template. The most convenient for you to use likely depends on the source of your data, as described below.
1. Array of arrays, and a bindings object
You can supply arrays of arrays to opts.data
, which might look
like:
{ data: { data: [ [ "DataColumn1Value1", "DataColumn2Value1", [ "DataColumn1Value2", "DataColumn2Value2", [ "DataColumn1Value3", "DataColumn2Value3", ... ] } }
where each array of arrays represents the rows in a data sheet.
To tell the API how the values from each column should be
associated with the keys that the template is expecting, you must also supply
an object attached to opts.bindings
. (The meanings of the
keys in the bindings object are documented
below.) The minimal bindings you can
supply for this template are as shown in this example:
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", bindings: { data: { } }, data: { data: [ [ "DataColumn1Value1", "DataColumn2Value1", [ "DataColumn1Value2", "DataColumn2Value2", [ "DataColumn1Value3", "DataColumn2Value3", ... ] } }
All possible bindings that you can supply are shown in this example:
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", bindings: { data: { x: 0, // index of a column in your data y: 1, // index of a column in your data value: 2, // index of a column in your data filter: 3, // index of a column in your data } }, data: { data: [ [ "DataColumn1Value1", "DataColumn2Value1", [ "DataColumn1Value2", "DataColumn2Value2", [ "DataColumn1Value3", "DataColumn2Value3", ... ] } }
2. Array of objects with arbitrary keys, and a bindings object
This format is most likely useful when you have data from an external source,
such as CSV data loaded from d3-dsv.
You should supply this attached to the opts.data
, which might look
like:
{ data: [ { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, ... ] }
... but with the keys being the column headers from your
source data instead. You must also supply an object attached to
opts.bindings
. The minimal bindings you can
supply for this template are as shown in this example:
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", bindings: { data: { } }, data: { data: [ { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, ... ] } }
All possible bindings that you can supply are shown in this example:
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", bindings: { data: { x: "DataHeader1", y: "DataHeader2", value: "DataHeader3", filter: "DataHeader4", } }, data: { data: [ { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, { "DataHeader1": ..., "DataHeader2": ..., ... }, ... ] } }
(As before, the keys containing "Header" would be replaced by column names from your data source.)
3. Array of objects with template-defined keys
There is an alternative format you can use, which is likely to be easier to
use if your data is not from a spreadsheet source. With this alternative format
you supply your data to the template as
an array of objects, attached to opts.data
, where the keys must
be those used by the template, as documented below. In this case
there is no need to supply a bindings object, since the key names are already
those expected by the template. The required properties in the data
object are as follows (scroll down for a
description of what each property is):
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", data: {}, ... }
And the full list of all possible properties is as follows:
{ template: "@flourish/heatmap", version: "1", data: { data: [ { x: ..., y: ..., value: ..., filter: ... }, ... ] }, ... }
Meanings of the template data keys:
- data.x: x
- data.y: y
- data.value: value
- data.filter: filter
Template settings
Options for opts.state
.
Heatmap
x_axis_datatype string
Data type. Allowed values:
x_axis_binning string
Binning mode. Allowed values:
x_axis_bin_width number
Bin width. The numeric range of each bin – e.g. a bin width of 10 would give bins of 0–10, 10–20, etc (assuming a bin center of 5).
x_axis_bin_center number
Bin center. One value you'd like as the center of a bin – e.g. with a bin width of 10, a center of 5 would give 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, etc, while a center of 0 would give -5–5, 5–10, 10–20, etc.
cell_x_margin number
Cell padding.
y_axis_datatype string
Data type. Allowed values:
y_axis_binning string
Binning mode. Allowed values:
y_axis_bin_width number
Bin width. The numeric range of each bin – e.g. a bin width of 10 would give bins of 0–10, 10–20, etc (assuming a bin center of 5).
y_axis_bin_center number
Bin center. One value you'd like as the center of a bin – e.g. with a bin width of 10, a center of 5 would give 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, etc, while a center of 0 would give -5–5, 5–10, 10–20, etc.
cell_y_margin number
Cell padding.
height_mode string
Height mode. Apsect ratio and fixed modes only work when embedding responsively with a script embed Allowed values:
cell_height number
Height. Height of each cell in rems (multiple of base font size)
cell_aspect number
Aspect. Aspect ratio (width/height) of each cell
Colours
color.scale_type string
Scale type. Allowed values:
color.categorical_type string
Allowed values:
- palette (Palette)
- generated (Generated)
color.categorical_palette colors
Palette.
color.categorical_extend boolean
Extend. Automatically generate additional colours when needed to avoid the palette colours being used more than once.
color.categorical_seed_color color
Seed color. Initial color in generated sequence (avoid shades of grey).
color.categorical_rotation_angle number
Hue rotation angle. Angle, in degrees, between one generated colour and the next. The default value, ~360/(Golden ratio), ensures adjacent hues are not too similar. Max: 360
color.categorical_color_space string
Allowed values:
- hcl (HCL)
- hsl (HSL)
color.categorical_custom_palette text
Custom overrides. Type the name of the entity whose colour you want to set, a colon and then a colour (using a name, hex-code or rgb declaration). Multiple colours can be set using multiple lines. For example:
Party 1: red
Party 2: #4455AA
Party 3: rgb(30,168,26)
color.sequential_palette string
Palette. Allowed values:
color.sequential_custom_min color
Minimum color.
color.sequential_custom_max color
Maximum color.
color.sequential_color_space string
Allowed values:
- rgb (RGB)
- lab (LAB)
- hcl (HCL)
- hsl (HSL)
color.sequential_reverse boolean
Reverse.
color.diverging_palette string
Palette. Allowed values:
color.diverging_custom_min color
Minimum color.
color.diverging_custom_mid color
Midpoint color.
color.diverging_custom_max color
Maximum color.
color.diverging_color_space string
Allowed values:
- rgb (RGB)
- lab (LAB)
- hcl (HCL)
- hsl (HSL)
color.diverging_reverse boolean
Reverse.
color.binning boolean
Sequential mode. In linear mode, the color scale will run as a smooth gradient between 2 colors. In binned mode, the gradient will be divided in smaller blocks. Allowed values:
color.bin_count number
Number of bins.
color.bin_mode string
Binning mode. Allowed values:
color.bin_thresholds string
Custom thresholds. Write your custom thresholds, separated by a ";" For example 5;10;15
Legend
legend.show_legend boolean
Allowed values:
- true (Enabled)
- false (Disabled)
legend.text_color color
Color.
legend.text_size number
Size.
legend.title string
Title.
legend.title_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
legend.color_band_width number
Width.
legend.color_band_height number
Height.
legend.color_band_radius number
Roundness. The radius of the corners of the color band (in pixels)
legend.binned_label_mode string
Binned label mode. Allowed values:
legend.binned_label_custom string
Custom bin labels. List numeric values, separated by semi-colons.
legend_categorical.show_legend boolean
Allowed values:
- true (Enabled)
- false (Disabled)
legend_categorical.text_color color
Color.
legend_categorical.text_size number
Size.
legend_categorical.title string
Title.
legend_categorical.title_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
legend_categorical.swatch_width number
Width.
legend_categorical.swatch_height number
Height.
legend_categorical.swatch_radius number
Roundness. The radius of the corners of the swatch (in pixels)
legend_categorical.order_override text
Custom order override. Manually specify the order of legend entries (one entry per line)
legend_categorical.orientation string
Orientation. Allowed values:
X axis
x.axis_position string
Position. Allowed values:
x.y_axis_position string
Y value. Vertical position of the x axis on the y scale
x.numeric_scale_type string
Type. Allowed values:
x.linear_min number
Min.
x.linear_max number
Max.
x.log_min number
Min.
x.log_max number
Max.
x.datetime_min string
Min (date).
x.datetime_max string
Max (date).
x.title_mode string
Type. Allowed values:
x.title string
Text.
x.title_styling boolean
Styling.
x.title_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
x.title_color color
Color.
x.title_size number
Size.
x.title_padding number
Padding.
x.tick_label_position string
Position. Allowed values:
x.tick_label_styling boolean
Styling.
x.tick_label_size number
Size.
x.tick_label_color color
Color.
x.tick_padding number
Padding.
x.tick_label_angle string
Angle. Allowed values:
x.tick_label_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
x.tick_label_space_mode string
Space mode. Allowed values:
x.tick_label_space number
Space.
x.tick_mode string
Mode. Allowed values:
x.tick_number number
Number. Approximate number of ticks or gridlines. The actual number will depend on the range of values, chart size, etc.
x.tick_custom text
One tick label per line. Specify the ticks to show, one per line
x.line_and_tick_color color
Line color.
x.line_and_tick_width number
Line width.
x.tick_length number
Tick length.
x.tick_side string
Tick side. Allowed values:
x.line_visible boolean
Axis line.
x.edge_padding number
Edge padding (%). Space between start/end of axis line and first/last category tick as a percentage of the spacing between ticks Max: 100
x.gridlines_visible boolean
Allowed values:
- true (On)
- false (Off)
x.gridlines_styling boolean
Styling.
x.gridline_color color
Color.
x.gridline_style string
Style. Allowed values:
x.gridline_width number
Width.
x.gridline_category_dividers boolean
Put lines between categories. On a categorical axis this option disables the gridline on each tick and instead adds rules between each category to give a table-like design. Ignored for date and numeric axes.
x.gridline_category_dividers_extend boolean
Extend. Extends the dividers into the axis margins.
Y axis
y.axis_visible boolean
Allowed values:
- true (Axis visible)
- false (Axis hidden)
y.numeric_scale_type string
Type. Allowed values:
y.linear_min number
Min.
y.linear_max number
Max.
y.log_min number
Min.
y.log_max number
Max.
y.datetime_min string
Min (date).
y.datetime_max string
Max (date).
y.title_mode string
Type. Allowed values:
y.title string
Text.
y.title_styling boolean
Styling.
y.title_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
y.title_color color
Color.
y.title_size number
Size.
y.title_padding number
Padding.
y.tick_label_position string
Position. Allowed values:
y.tick_label_styling boolean
Styling.
y.tick_label_size number
Size.
y.tick_label_color color
Color.
y.tick_padding number
Padding.
y.tick_label_angle string
Angle. Allowed values:
y.tick_label_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
y.tick_label_space_mode string
Space mode. Allowed values:
y.tick_label_space number
Space.
y.tick_mode string
Mode. Allowed values:
y.tick_number number
Number. Approximate number of ticks or gridlines. The actual number will depend on the range of values, chart size, etc.
y.tick_custom text
One tick label per line. Specify the ticks to show, one per line
y.line_and_tick_color color
Line color.
y.line_and_tick_width number
Line width.
y.tick_length number
Tick length.
y.tick_side string
Side. Allowed values:
y.line_visible boolean
Axis line.
y.edge_padding number
Edge padding (%). Space between start/end of axis line and first/last category tick as a percentage of the spacing between ticks Max: 100
y.gridlines_visible boolean
Allowed values:
- true (On)
- false (Off)
y.gridlines_styling boolean
Styling.
y.gridline_color color
Color.
y.gridline_style string
Style. Allowed values:
y.gridline_width number
Width.
y.gridline_category_dividers boolean
Put lines between categories. On a categorical axis this option disables the gridline on each tick and instead adds rules between each category to give a table-like design. Ignored for date and numeric axes.
y.gridline_category_dividers_extend boolean
Extend. Extends the dividers into the axis margins
Animation
animation_style string
Allowed values:
- none (None)
- fade (Fade)
- flip (Flip)
animation_duration number
Animation duration. The duration it takes each cell to transition, in seconds
animation_spread number
Animation spread. The number of seconds over which the cell animations begin. Leave blank for a special spread that depends on the number of cells.
animation_key boolean
Only animate cells with same x and y value.
Controls
row_filter_all boolean
Include “All”.
row_filter_all_text string
“All” text.
row_filter.control_type string
Control type. Choose between a dropdown, buttons or a time slider. Allowed values:
row_filter.control_styles boolean
Adv..
row_filter.button_group boolean
Grouped. Allowed values:
row_filter.button_group_width_mode string
Button group width. Allowed values:
row_filter.button_group_width_fixed number
Width. Max: 100
row_filter.dropdown_width_mode string
Dropdown width. Allowed values:
row_filter.dropdown_width_fixed number
Width. Max: 100
row_filter.slider_background_color color
Background.
row_filter.slider_font_color color
Text.
row_filter.slider_handle_color color
Handle.
row_filter.slider_width number
Width. Max: 100
row_filter.slider_margin number
Label width. Max: 50
row_filter.slider_handle_height number
Height. Max: 10
row_filter.slider_track_height number
Track height. Max: 10
row_filter.slider_play_button boolean
Play button.
row_filter.slider_loop boolean
Loop.
row_filter.slider_step_time number
Time between steps. Measured in seconds, positive values move the slider left to right, negative values move the slider right to left. Min: -100 Max: 100
row_filter.slider_restart_pause number
Pause before loop. Measured in seconds and in addition to the regular step time displayed above. Max: 100
row_filter.sort string
Sorting. Allowed values:
row_filter.sort_temporal_format string
Date/time format in data. The date/time format in your data sheet. Used only to sort the data, if required. If your format isn’t in the list, you can enter a custom format using d3-time-format syntax. See npmjs.com/package/d3-time-format for details. Predefined values:
controls_style.font_size number
Text size. Max: 5
controls_style.font_weight string
Text weight. Allowed values:
controls_style.padding number
Height. Space below and above controls text Max: 5
dropdown_style.background color
Background.
dropdown_style.font_color color
Text color.
dropdown_style.border_styles_advanced boolean
Dropdown border styles.
dropdown_style.border_style string
Border style. Show border on all sides, or only at the bottom Allowed values:
dropdown_style.border_width number
Border width. Max: 20
dropdown_style.border_color color
Color.
dropdown_style.border_transparency number
Transparency. Max: 1
dropdown_style.border_radius number
Radius. Max: 100
button_style.background color
Background.
button_style.background_selected color
Selected.
button_style.background_hover color
Mouse over.
button_style.font_color color
Text color.
button_style.font_color_selected color
Selected.
button_style.font_color_hover color
Mouse over.
button_style.button_styles_advanced boolean
Button border styles.
button_style.border_width number
Border width. Max: 20
button_style.border_color color
Color.
button_style.border_transparency number
Transparency. Max: 1
button_style.border_radius number
Radius. Max: 100
Popups
popup.show_popups boolean
Popups. Allowed values:
popup.is_custom boolean
Popup contents. Allowed values:
popup.custom_template text
Popup content. The text to appear in the popup. You can use {{column_name}} to add a value from your data. It must be in a selected column, but you can add columns to “Metadata” if you just want to include them for use in the popup. Advanced users can include HTML to apply layouts, formatting, images, etc.
popup.show_pointer boolean
Pointer.
popup.show_shadow boolean
Shadow.
popup.style_popups boolean
Custom styling.
popup.text_color color
Text colour.
popup.align string
Alignment. Allowed values:
popup.font_size number
Font size. Min: 1
popup.fill_color color
Fill colour.
popup.opacity number
Fill opacity. Max: 1
popup.padding number
Padding.
popup.border_radius number
Radius. Corner radius of popup
Number formatting
formatter.prefix string
Prefix. Text to place in front of number
formatter.suffix string
Suffix. Text to place after number
formatter.n_dec number
Decimal places. Use negative integers to round to positive powers of ten (eg -2 rounds to the nearest 100) Min: -10 Max: 10
formatter.advanced boolean
Advanced.
formatter.negative_sign string
Styling of negative numbers. Allowed values:
formatter.strip_zeros boolean
Remove trailing zeros.
formatter.strip_separator boolean
Hide thousands separator below 10,000. Turn off if you want four-digit numbers to include a separator, e.g. “1,234” rather than “1234”.
formatter.transform_labels boolean
Multiply/divide values.
formatter.transform string
Allowed values:
- multiply (Multiply by)
- divide (Divide by)
- exponentiate (×10 to the power of)
formatter.multiply_divide_constant number
formatter.exponentiate_constant number
localization.input_decimal_separator string
Decimal separator in data sheet. Used for interpreting your data. Only change if data is not displaying on the chart as expected. Allowed values:
localization.output_separators string
Number format to display. How the numbers should appear on chart labels Allowed values:
Layout
Layout
layout.body_font font
Main font. This font will apply to the whole graphic by default, but you can optionally change the font for the title, subtitle, footer, etc in the Header and Footer settings panels.
layout.font_color color
Text color. This color will apply to the whole graphic by default, but you can optionally change the color for individual text elements, in other settings panels.
layout.background_color_enabled boolean
Color. Allowed values:
layout.background_image_enabled boolean
Image. Allowed values:
layout.background_color color
Background color.
layout.background_image_src url
Image URL.
layout.background_image_size string
Size. Allowed values:
layout.background_image_position string
Position. Allowed values:
layout.max_width_target string
Maximum width. Apply a maximum width to just the main graphic or everything (main graphic plus header, footer, etc) Allowed values:
layout.max_width number
Maximum width. Leave blank to stretch to container width Min: 50
layout.max_width_align string
Align. Allowed values:
layout.layout_order string
Layout order. Allowed values:
layout.space_between_sections string
Space between sections. Allowed values:
layout.space_between_sections_custom number
Custom. Max: 100
layout.margin_top number
Top.
layout.margin_right number
Right.
layout.margin_bottom number
Bottom.
layout.margin_left number
Left.
layout.border.enabled boolean
Show borders around visualisation.
layout.border.top.width number
Top.
layout.border.top.style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.border.top.color color
Color.
layout.border.right.width number
Right.
layout.border.right.style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.border.right.color color
Color.
layout.border.bottom.width number
Bottom.
layout.border.bottom.style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.border.bottom.color color
Color.
layout.border.left.width number
Left.
layout.border.left.style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.border.left.color color
Color.
Header
layout.header_align string
Alignment. Allowed values:
layout.title string
layout.title_styling boolean
Change title styles.
layout.title_font font
Title Font.
layout.title_size string
Size. Allowed values:
layout.title_size_custom number
Custom. Specify a custom responsive font size. Best results will be with values between 1.2 and 3
layout.title_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
layout.title_color color
Color.
layout.title_line_height number
Line height. Max: 3
layout.title_space_above string
Space above. Allowed values:
layout.title_space_above_custom number
Custom. Max: 100
layout.subtitle string
layout.subtitle_styling boolean
Change subtitle styles.
layout.subtitle_font font
Subtitle Font.
layout.subtitle_size string
Size. Allowed values:
layout.subtitle_size_custom number
Custom. Specify a custom responsive font size. Best results will be with values between 1.2 and 3
layout.subtitle_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
layout.subtitle_color color
Color.
layout.subtitle_line_height number
Line height. Max: 3
layout.subtitle_space_above string
Space above. Allowed values:
layout.subtitle_space_above_custom number
Custom. Max: 100
layout.header_text string
layout.header_text_styling boolean
Styling.
layout.header_text_size string
Size. Allowed values:
layout.header_text_size_custom number
Custom. Specify a custom responsive font size. Best results will be with values between 1.2 and 3
layout.header_text_weight string
Weight. Allowed values:
layout.header_text_color color
Color.
layout.header_text_line_height number
Line height. Max: 3
layout.header_text_space_above string
Space above. Allowed values:
layout.header_text_space_above_custom number
Custom. Max: 100
layout.header_border string
Allowed values:
- top (Top)
- bottom (Bottom)
- none (None)
layout.header_border_width number
Width.
layout.header_border_color color
Color.
layout.header_border_style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.header_border_space number
Space. Space between border and header text
layout.header_logo_enabled boolean
Allowed values:
- true (Enabled)
- false (Disabled)
layout.header_logo_src url
URL.
layout.header_logo_height number
Height.
layout.header_logo_align string
Align. Align logo inside header or outer visualisation container Allowed values:
layout.header_logo_position_inside string
Position. Allowed values:
layout.header_logo_position_outside string
Position. Allowed values:
layout.header_logo_margin_top number
Top.
layout.header_logo_margin_right number
Right.
layout.header_logo_margin_bottom number
Bottom.
layout.header_logo_margin_left number
Left.
Footer
layout.footer_align string
Alignment. Allowed values:
layout.footer_text_size number
Size.
layout.footer_text_color color
Color.
layout.footer_styling boolean
Advanced footer styles.
layout.footer_font font
Font.
layout.source_name string
Source name.
layout.source_url string
Source url.
layout.multiple_sources boolean
Multiple sources.
layout.source_name_2 string
Source name.
layout.source_url_2 string
Source url.
layout.source_name_3 string
Source name.
layout.source_url_3 string
Source url.
layout.source_label string
Source label.
layout.footer_note string
Note.
layout.footer_note_secondary string
Note (secondary). The secondary note is placed below the source and primary note
layout.footer_logo_enabled boolean
Image. Allowed values:
layout.footer_logo_src url
Image.
layout.footer_logo_src_light hidden
Image (light version). If provided this version will be used whenever the background colour is dark
layout.footer_logo_link_url string
Link.
layout.footer_logo_height number
Height.
layout.footer_logo_margin number
Margin.
layout.footer_logo_order string
Position. Allowed values:
layout.footer_align_vertical string
V. align. Allowed values:
layout.footer_border string
Allowed values:
- top (Top)
- bottom (Bottom)
- none (None)
layout.footer_border_width number
Width.
layout.footer_border_color color
Color.
layout.footer_border_style string
Style. Allowed values:
layout.footer_border_space number
Space. Space between border and footer text